Receiver for a digital communication system

ABSTRACT

A receiver to be employed in a digital mobile communication system, more particularly to a receiver for performing complex correlation against a received signal so as to establish and supervise the synchronization with the received signal. The receiver estimates a transmission channel between sending and receiving stations using the received signal and a predetermined reference signal (S11). The phase of the received signal is compensated for using the estimated phase error resulting from the estimation (S12). Complex correlation of the received signal which is compensated for in phase is performed against the reference signal (S13) to obtain a correlation value. The correlation value is compared with a predetermined threshold value (S14). The presence or absence of the synchronization between the sending and receiving stations can be detected, based on the result of the comparison. In case of detecting synchronization again after the synchronization is once detected, the phase of the received signal is compensated for (S22) using a previously obtained phase variation amount whereby the complex correlation value can be obtained (S23).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a receiver for a digital communicationsystem. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus for anda method of compensating for frequency offset of a carrier in a receiverfor a digital communication system using complex correlation forestablishing and supervising synchronization with a received digitalsignal and to a phase locked loop suitably employed in the receiver.

BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY

A variety of communication services which have been realizedconventionally by analog system are now being changed into digitalsystems in view of efficient utilization of frequency, miniaturizationof devices and economy. In a TDMA (TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS) typedigital communication system which is now employed in various countries,communication is performed by receiving and transmitting a data framebetween sending and receiving stations. The data frame comprises aplurality of time slots. The receiving station detects a time slotassigned thereto among the time slots of the data frame at the start ofa communication which has been transmitted from the sending station andperforms synchronization with the detected time slot.

There are two synchronization processes which are described hereinafter.One is a synchronization establishing process to capture the time slotof the received data frame at the start of communication and the otheris a synchronization supervising process to supervise the position ofthe received time slot to thereby compensate for the synchronizationafter the synchronization is once established to start communication. Areference signal is previously given to the receiver (this referencesignal is hereinafter referred to as a synchronous word). The receivingstation is required to perform complex correlation between the receivedsignal and the synchronous word to thereby yield a correlation value.

There is a slight difference between a carrier frequency which istransmitted by the sending station and a carrier frequency which isreceived by the receiving station in a practically operated system (thisslight difference is hereinafter referred to as a frequency offset). Thephase of the received signal is varied to increase or decreasemonotonically due to the frequency offset. As a result, there is apossibility that the computed correlation value is lowered and that thesynchronization can not be detected correctly in the receiving station.

Accordingly, the receiving station is required to compensate for thephase variation due to the frequency offset. The receiving stationnormally controls the carrier frequency of the receiver so as to conformit to the transmitted carrier frequency using an automatic frequencycontrol circuit (AFC). An example of a similar control method withoutusing the AFC is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,121,414.

However, in a mobile communication system represented by a cellularsystem, signals are interfered with by obstacles which exist between abase station and a mobile station, which causes a multi-pathtransmission channel (i.e., a so-called multipath fading channel). Inthis case, the phase of each vector term of the complex correlation isvaried depending on the magnitude, phase, lag, etc. of the interferencewave. Accordingly, the mobile station is required to correctly detectand compensate for the frequency offset under such circumstances. Thisis needed for correctly detecting synchronization and at the same timefor keeping the accuracy and stability of the frequency of the carriertransmitted from the mobile station.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to provide a receiver, for use in adigital communication system which is capable of detecting andestablishing suitable synchronization with a TDMA frame.

Another object of the invention is to provide a receiver capable ofsuitably compensating for a phase variation which is caused by afrequency offset.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a receiver capableof correctly detecting the complex correlation of the received signalagainst the carrier to thereby control the frequency of a carrieroscillator in a short time even if the initial frequency offset of thecarrier is large.

A further object of the invention is to provide a digital phase lockedloop capable of sufficiently attenuating noise even if it is employed ina transmission channel having a considerable amount of noise.

That is, in a receiver for a communication system for transmitting andreceiving a digital signal between sending and receiving stations, thereceiver of the present invention is characterized in comprising astoring means for storing a reference signal, a complex correlationperforming means for performing complex correlation of the receiveddigital signal against the reference signal upon reception of thereceived digital signal and the reference signal, a transmission channelestimating means for estimating the transmission channel between thesending and receiving stations upon reception of the received digitalsignal and the reference signal, a phase synchronizing means forestimating the phase of the received digital signal and obtaining aphase variation amount upon reception of the received digital signal andthe result of an estimation which is output from the transmissionchannel estimating means and a phase rotating means for compensating forthe phase of the received digital signal upon reception of the phasevariation amount.

In a receiver for a communication system for transmitting and receivinga digital signal between sending and receiving stations, the receiver ofanother aspect of the invention is characterized in comprising a storingmeans for storing a reference signal, a complex correlation performingmeans for performing complex correlation of the received digital signalagainst the reference signal upon reception of the received digitalsignal and the reference signal, a transmission channel estimating meansfor estimating the transmission channel between the sending andreceiving stations upon reception of the received digital signal and thereference signal, a phase synchronizing means for estimating the phaseof the received digital signal and obtaining a phase variation amountupon reception of the received digital signal and the result of anestimation which is output from the transmission channel estimatingmeans, a phase rotating means for compensating for the phase of thereceived distal signal upon reception of the phase variation amount anda carrier generating means for generating a carrier upon reception of anoutput of the phase synchronizing means wherein a first loop is formedby the phase synchronizing means and the phase rotating means and asecond loop is formed by the phase synchronizing means and the carriergenerating means, thereby compensating for the phase of the receiveddistal signal.

A digital phase synchronizing circuit of still another aspect of theinvention is characterized in comprising a phase error detecting meansfor detecting a phase error between input and output signals, acorrected amount outputting means for outputting the corrected amount ofthe phase error upon reception of an output of the phase error detectingmeans and a phase correcting means for correcting the phase of the inputsignal upon reception of an output of the corrected amount outputtingmeans.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the function of a digital receiveremploying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a correlation process applied to thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing another correlation process applied tothe present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a digital phase locked loop applied to thepresent invention;

FIG. 5 is a view exemplifying a frequency characteristic of the digitalphase locked loop of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a view showing a method of controlling the coefficient of thedigital phase locked loop of FIG. 4.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The invention is described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital receiver of the invention.

The digital receiver receives, e.g., a 800 MHz high frequency signalwhich is transmitted from a ground station, not shown. The signal isreceived by an antenna 1. The received signal is input to a signalconverting part 2. A receiving carrier which is supplied from a carrieroscillator 3 is input to the signal converting part 2. The receivedsignal is converted into a digital signal having a base bandwidth by thesignal converting part 2.

The carrier oscillator 3 generates receiving and transmitting carriers.The control of the carrier oscillator 3 will be described more in detaillater. The digital signal which is output from the signal convertingpart 2 is input to a phase rotating unit 5 which compensates for thephase of the input digital signal. The output of the phase rotating unit5 is supplied to a correlation unit 4, a transmission channel estimatingunit 6 and a PLL 7.

The correlation unit 4 is a circuit to perform correlation of thereceived signal which is compensated for in phase by the phase rotatingunit 5 against a synchronous word which is previously held by thedigital receiver. The output of the phase rotating unit 5 and thesynchronous word are supplied to the transmission channel estimatingunit 6. The estimation of the transmission channel is performed by thetransmission channel estimating unit 6 using an adaptive algorithm. Theoutput of the PLL 7 is input to the phase rotating unit 5 and an LPF 8.The PLL 7 estimates the phase of the received signal. The estimation ofthe transmission channel by the transmission channel estimating unit 6and the estimation of the phase of the received signal by the PLL 7 willbe described more in detail later.

A correlation performing process in a synchronization establishingprocess is described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 2.

First, in Step 11, the transmission channel estimating unit 6 and eachregister or variable of the PLL 7 are reset. Next, in Step 12, the PLL 7estimates the phase of the received signal based on a signal which issupplied from the phase rotating unit 5. The phase rotating unit 5compensates for the phase of the received signal based on the result ofestimation by the PLL 7. At the same time, the transmission channelestimating unit 6 estimates the transmission channel using the adaptivealgorithm. A general RLS (Recursive Least Squares) or LMS (Least MeanSquare) algorithm can be employed as the adaptive algorithm used in Step12. Alternatively, other appropriate algorithms may be employed. Thetransmission channel is estimated by the transmission channel estimatingunit 6 so that the PLL 7 estimates the phase variation amount of thereceived signal due to the frequency offset. To estimate thetransmission channel, the transmission channel estimating unit 6supplies a signal, for detecting the phase difference or error of thereceived signal, to the PLL 7.

Supposing that the transmission channel is represented by an FIR modelhaving an impulse response length (L+1), the estimation of thetransmission channel is performed by the transmission channel estimatingunit 6 using the following expressions (1) to (3). ##EQU1## where:

x_(n) : synchronous word

Eh_(j) : estimated impulse response in a transmission channel

Cr is a received signal which is compensated for in phase and isexpressed as Cr_(n) =r_(n) exp [-jEφ_(n) ] supposing that the receivedsignal is r_(n) and the phase estimated by the PLL 7 is Eφ_(n).

k_(n) represents a Karman gain vector in case of the RLS algorithm or itis expressed as kn=δx_(n) ^(*) where δ is a constant in case of the LMSalgorithm (* represents complex conjugate).

Er_(n) is an estimated value of the received signal and e_(n) is anestimated error signal in the transmission channel and is employed forphase error detection by the PLL 7 as expressed in the followingexpression (4).

The PLL 7 employs a second order PLL for estimating a given phasevariation amount due to the frequency offset. This is performed by thefollowing expressions (4) to (7):

    Δφ.sub.n =I.sub.m [e.sub.n Cr.sub.n.sup.* ]=I.sub.m [Er.sub.n.sup.* Cr.sub.n ]                                (4)

    a.sub.n+1 =a.sub.n +α·Δφ.sub.n    (5)

    ΔEφ.sub.n+1 =a.sub.n+1 +β·Δφ.sub.n(6)

    Eφ.sub.n+1 =Eφ.sub.n +ΔEφ.sub.n+1        (7)

where:

I_(m) [] represents an imaginary part.

αand β: coefficients for determining PLL characteristics.

The control of the coefficients α and β will be described more in detaillater.

Computations of the expressions (1) to (7) are performed for a firstsymbol of the received signal. The same computations of the expressions(1) to (7) are performed for a succeeding symbol of the received signal.Likewise, these computations are iteratively performed N times until Nsymbols of the received signal come (N is the number of bits of thesynchronous word or the number of symbols). The estimation of thetransmission channel is performed by transmission channel estimatingunit 6 upon completion of the N times cornputations.

Described hereinafter is the estimation of the phase of the receivedsignal by the PLL 7. The transmission channel estimating unit 6integrates the phase error Δφ_(n) to thereby compute a dc component,i.e., the constant variation component of phase (a_(n) is hereinafterreferred to as a phase error integrator value). That is, in performingthe complex correlation, the expression of a_(n) =a_(N) (at the timewhen the N times iterative computations of the expressions (1) to (7)are completed, i.e., at the time of completion of the estimation of thetransmission channel) equals to the constant phase variation amount ωoTdue to the frequency offset. This becomes the value of the phasevariation amount estimated by the PLL 7. The phase rotating unit 5compensates for the phase of the received signal upon reception of thisestimated value.

The phase rotating unit 5 rotates the phase of the received signal bythe phase variation amount which is supplied from the PLL 7 so as tocompensate for the phase of the received signal. The received signalwhich is compensated for in phase is input to the correlation performingunit 4.

The correlation process goes to a step S13. In this step, the complexcorrelation of the received signal which is compensated for in phase instep S12 is performed against the synchronous word so as to obtain acorrelation value. The correlation value of the received signal againstthe synchronous word which is thus obtained by the correlationperforming unit 4 is compared with a predetermined threshold value instep S14. If the correlation value exceeds the threshold value as aresult of a comparison in step S14, the correlation performing processis completed, judging that synchronization of the received signal withthe carrier is detected.

If the correlation value is less than the threshold value, the processreturns to the step S11, judging that synchronization is not detected.In this case, the same process is performed for each of N symbols inwhich the received signal symbols are shifted backward by one symbol.That is, the computations of the expressions (1) to (7), estimation ofthe transmission channel, estimation of the phase and compensation forthe phase error are performed for the received signal ranging from asecond symbol to an (N+1) symbol, and then the correlation value iscomputed. Likewise, the complex correlation is iteratively performedsuccessively until the correlation value exceeds the threshold value.

As is evident from the above, the phase variation amount to be given tothe phase rotating unit 5 by this process corresponds to a phasevariation amount per symbol due to the frequency offset. As a result,the phase of the received signal is varied at a given rate so that thecompensation for the phase is performed for each symbol of the receivesignal.

The synchronization of the received signal with the synchronous word isdetected upon completion of the processes as illustrated in FIG. 2. Inthe receiver generally applied to the TDMA system, it is considered thatsynchronization between the transmitter and the receiver is establishedwhen the synchronization of the received signal with the synchronousword is detected plural times but not one time. Accordingly, it isnecessary to further iterate the synchronization detecting process.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing another example of the correlationperforming process of the invention. In case of iteratively continuouslyperforming the synchronization detecting process in the synchronizationestablishing process, this correlation performing process according tothis embodiment can be applied to the processes of the second andsucceeding times.

A value a_(N) which is output from the phase error integrator at thetime when the synchronization of the received signal with thesynchronous word is detected represents an estimated value whichsubstantially approximates to the phase variation amount ωoT due to thefrequency offset except that the synchronization is detected in error.Accordingly, the phase error integrator of the PLL 7 is initialized tothereby reset other registers or variables at first in step S21 in aflowchart illustrated in FIG. 3. The value of a_(N) at the time ofcompletion of the previous correlation performing process or the averageof the values of a_(N) which has been obtained until the previoussynchronization detecting process is given to the phase errorintegrator. That is, the computation is not iterated with regard toevery symbol of the received signal but the already obtained value isused in this step.

In step S 22, there are performed at the same time the estimation of thetransmission channel by the transmission channel estimating unit 6,estimation of the phase of the received signal by the PLL 7 andcomputation of the correlation value by the correlation unit 4. In stepS 23, the correlation value is compared with the threshold value tothereby determine whether the synchronization of the received signalwith the synchronous word is established or not. The judgment to be madein step 23 is the same as the judgment described with reference to FIG.2. The performance of such processes dispenses with the iterativecomputation for every symbol of the received signal. Accordingly, theoverhead for the iterative computation and the number of processesperformed by the phase rotating unit are reduced, which leads to areduction of the total amount of computation.

The control of the carrier oscillator 3 is described hereinafter. It isnot clear that in what part of the received signal the time slotpresents in the first synchronization detection in the synchronizationestablishing process. Accordingly, the complex correlation against thesynchronous word must be performed for all the symbols of the receivedsignal according to the flow chart as illustrated in FIG. 2. If thesynchronization is detected as a result of the complex correlationperformance, a succeeding slot is to be detected when a period for oneframe lapses after the time when the synchronization was first detected.Under this premise, the complex correlation performing process isiterated according to the flow chart as illustrated in FIG. 3 for thereceived signal alone particularly in the time zone around this timeamong the received signals. As a result, it is considered that thesynchronization is established between the transmitter and the receiverif the synchronization times is detected predetermined. At this time,the average value of the frequency offset ωo, which is estimated by thePLL 7 every plural times of detection of the synchronization, issupplied to the carrier oscillator 3. The carrier oscillator 3 starts tocontrol the received carrier based on the average value of the frequencyoffset ωo.

After the completion of establishment of the synchronization, the LPF 8filters the estimated value of the frequency offset ωo which is outputfrom the PLL 7 and inputs it to the carrier oscillator 3 so as tocontrol the carrier oscillator 3. In such a manner, there is formed aloop by the PLL 7, LPF 8, the carrier oscillator 3 and the signalconverting part 2 for controlling the frequency offset of the receivesignal. At or after this point of time, the receiver stops thesynchronization establishing process and starts to perform thesynchronization supervising process. The synchronization supervisingprocess will be described in detail later.

Described hereinafter is the control of the coefficients α and β fordetermining the characteristics of the PLL 7. FIG. 4 is a detailedcircuit diagram of the phase rotating unit 5 and PLL 7.

The received signal is compensated in phase by the phase rotating unit 5and is input to a phase error detecting circuit 70. The phase errordetecting circuit 70 includes a complex conjugate portion 71, amultiplier 72 and an imaginary part deriving portion 73. The receivedsignal which is input to the phase error detecting circuit 70 is inputto the multiplier 72 by way of the complex conjugate portion 71. Themultiplier 72 also receives the estimated error signal en from thetransmission channel estimating unit 6. A multiple of the receivedsignal and the estimated error signal e_(n) are supplied to theimaginary part deriving portion 73. The output of the imaginary partderiving portion 73 becomes a phase error Δφ_(n) between the phase φ_(n)of the received signal and the phase Eφ_(n) of a regenerative carrier.The phase error Δφ_(n) is supplied to a loop filter 80. There is alsoconceived a structure that the received signal is directly input to themultiplier 72, not by way of the complex conjugate portion 71. In thiscase, a signal to be input from the transmission channel estimating unit6 to the multiplier 72 is the estimated value Er_(n) instead of theestimated error signal e_(n), more particularly the complex conjugate ofthe estimated value Er_(n) is input to the multiplier 72. As is evidentfrom the expression (4), the signal having the complex conjugate ismerely varied so that the output of the phase error detecting circuit 70is the phase error Δφ_(n).

The loop filter 80 comprises a first multiplier 81 for multiplying thephase error Δφ_(n) by the first coefficient α, an integrator 82 forintegrating the output of the first multiplier 81, a second multiplier83 for multiplying the phase error Δφ_(n) by the second coefficient βand an adder 84 for adding the output of the second multiplier 83 to theoutput of the integrator 82. The integrator 82 totals the output of thefirst multiplier 81 by an adder 82a and a register 82b to thereby obtaina D.C. component of the phase error Δφ_(n). Upon completion of theestimation of the transmission channel by the transmission channelestimating unit 6, the register 82b accumulates therein the phasevariation amount ωoT to be supplied to the phase rotating unit 5. Aninstantaneous value of the phase error Δφ_(n) is obtained by the secondmultiplier 83. The adder 84 adds the output of the integrator 82 to theoutput of the second multiplier 83 to thereby produce a phase correctionamount ΔEφ_(n+1) of the regenerative carrier.

The phase correction amount ΔEφ_(n+1) is input to an adder 91 which isincluded in a VCO 90. The adder 91 adds the input phase correctionamount ΔφE_(n+1) to the phase Eφ_(n) of the regenerative carrier whichis held by a register 92. The content of the register 92 is output asthe phase Eφ_(n+1) of a regenerative carrier of next time and is fedback to the phase rotating unit 5.

The characteristics of the phase locked loop having the arrangement setforth above are described hereinafter.

Supposing that z transfer of the phases φ_(n) and Eφ_(n) of the receivedsignal and the regenerative carrier in FIG. 4 are Φ (z) and EΦ(z), thetransfer function of the phase locked loop is expressed by the followingExpression 8. ##EQU2##

FIG. 5 shows an example of the frequency characteristics of theexpression (8), wherein a peak frequency f₀ is obtained by expression(8) as follows: ##EQU3##

where T is an operation period of the phase locked loop.

From expression (9), it will be understood that the less the value ofthe coefficient α is, the narrower the filter bandwidth becomes if thevalue of the coefficient β is fixed. In other word, if the value of thecoefficient α is greater, the response is quicker while if the value ofthe coefficient α is smaller, the degree of attenuation of the noisecomponent of the phase error is greater. In the digital phase lockedloop of the invention, these coefficients α and β are supplied to thefirst and second multipliers 81 and 83 respectively. That is, thecharacteristics of the loop filter 80 are determined by the values ofthe coefficients α and β.

The operation of the phase locked loop is described hereinafter.

In the digital phase locked loop, the noise component of the outputphase and the converging speed of the phase error have a trade offrelation. Accordingly, where the characteristics of the loop filter 80are set to a narrow bandwidth, the effect to attenuate the noise isincreased but it takes a long time until the phase locked loopconverges. Particularly, if the initial phase error between the inputsignal and the initial phase error of the regenerative carrier derivedfrom the received signal is large, it takes a long time until the phaselocked loop converges, whereby there is a possibility of generating theproblem that the signal is not demodulated correctly. However, thesynchronous word of the digital cellular system normally has relativelyfew symbols so that the receiver must converge the phase locked loopwithin a short time.

To meet this requirement, it is well known that in the earlier stage ofsynchronization, the characteristics of the loop filter 80 are set to awide bandwidth and are switched thereafter to a small bandwidth.However, in a transmission channel having a large amount of noise, suchas in digital mobile communication, the noise is not attenuated much ifthe filter characteristics are set to a large bandwidth. Accordingly,there is a possibility that the demodulated signal error may beenlarged, which results in obtaining insufficient characteristics. Tosolve this problem, it is possible to converge the phase locked loopwithin a short period of time from the state where the initial phaseerror is large to a constant operation state while the noise isattenuated during the converging time by using the method of theconversion according to the invention.

That is, the value of the coefficient α is varied according to thefollowing process while the coefficient β is fixed as described above.The loop filter 80 comprises a coefficient control circuit 85 forperforming this control.

Firstly, the value of the coefficient α is set to an initial value tothereby operate the digital phase locked loop. Secondly, the value ofthe coefficient α is gradually reduced toward a convergent value everytime a given time period elapses. Finally, the value of the coefficientα is fixed to the convergent value. The initial value of the coefficienta is set to be sufficiently large that the loop filter 80 has asufficiently large bandwidth so as to adjust the phase of theregenerative carrier in a short time even if the initial phase errorbetween the input received signal and the regenerative carrier is large.The convergent value is set to be sufficiently small that the loopfilter 80 has a sufficiently narrow bandwidth in order to sufficientlyattenuate the noise of the phase error during the constant operationtime even in a transmission channel having a large amount of noise.

A concrete control method for use by the coefficient control circuit 85to control the coefficient α is described with reference to FIG. 6. Inthe same figure, the relationship α_(i-1) >α_(i) (i=2, 3, . . . , M) isemployed where α₁ represents an initial value and α_(M) represents aconvergent value. τ_(i) represents an operating time at the coefficientα_(i) and the relationship τ_(i-1) <τ_(i) is employed. When thecoefficient α is reduced, the filter bandwidth is narrowed but on thecontrary the convergent time is lengthened. Accordingly, the operatingtime at the coefficient value is controlled to be longer than theoperating time at the previous coefficient value in order tosufficiently attenuate the phase error caused by the noise component inthe transmission channel at the previous coefficient as the coefficientα is reduced as illustrated in FIG. 6. The phase locked loop can beachieved by an independent circuit employing an integrated circuit,etc., or by a processor under program control.

Finally, the operation of the digital receiver after being switched to atelephonic communication will be described. In a synchronizationsupervising process, the frequency offset is controlled by the loopcomprising the PLL7, LPF8, the carrier oscillator 3 and the signal inputpart 2 every one frame of the received signal. Together with the loop asmentioned immediately before, the loop comprising the PLL7 and phaserotating unit 5 controls the frequency offset with regard to every onesymbol of the received signal.

The correlation process employed in this situation is carried out in thesame way as that illustrated in FIG. 2. However, in this case, theinitial value of the phase error integrator is set to zero. It isdesirable that the coefficient α of the PLL 7 be fixed to a smallconvergent value so as to reduce the influence of noise. In thisprocess, the frequency offset is reduced by the control of the carrieroscillator at the time of establishing the period. Accordingly, the timeto be involved in the conversion of the synchronization is shorter thanthat to be involved in the control in the synchronization establishingprocess. Accordingly, the control in this process is mainly forcontrolling the noise.

As described in detail above, the control of the carrier oscillator 3 inthe synchronization supervising process contributes not only to thestabilization of the frequency of the received carrier and but also topermitting the frequency of the transmitted carrier to accurately holdat a prescribed accuracy.

The present invention is exemplified by a receiver adapted for thedigital cellular system but it is possible to be adapted to any systememploying a reference signal for detecting synchronization. Although thepresent invention has omitted to explain the functions of an AGC forholding the level of the received signal to an optimum level, an A/Dconverter, a D/A converter, etc., which are provided in an ordinarydigital receiver, it is a matter of fact that the present invention isapplied to a receiver having these functions.

The present invention is not limited to the arrangement of the digitalphase locked loop and the coefficient control by the phase locked loopas set forth above but can be applied more widely, e.g. to otherapparatus employing a digital phase locked loop.

We claim:
 1. A receiver for a digital communication system fortransmitting and receiving a digital signal between sending andreceiving stations, comprising:a storing means for storing a referencesignal; a complex correlation means for performing complex correlationof the received digital signal against the reference signal uponreception of the received digital signal and the reference signal; atransmission channel estimating means for estimating a transmissionchannel between the sending and receiving stations upon reception of thereceived digital signal and the reference signal; a phase synchronizingmeans for estimating the phase of the received digital signal andobtaining a phase variation amount upon reception of the receiveddigital signal and the result of estimation which is output from thetransmission channel estimating means; a phase rotating means forcompensating for the phase of the received digital signal upon receptionof the phase variation amount; and a carrier generating means forgenerating a carrier upon reception of the output of the phasesynchronizing means; wherein the phase synchronizing means and the phaserotating means form a first loop while the phase synchronizing means andthe carrier generating means form a second loop, thereby compensatingfor the phase of the received digital signal, and wherein the first loopis operated in a synchronization establishing process between thesending and receiving stations and wherein the first and second loopsare operated in a synchronization supervising process after thesynchronization is established.
 2. A receiver as claimed in claim 1,wherein the transmission channel estimating means estimates the impulseresponse of the transmission channel using an adaptive algorithm uponreception of the reference signal and the output of the phase rotatingmeans.
 3. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phasesynchronizing means estimates the phase of the received digital signalwhile estimating a constant component of the phase variation of thereceived digital signal upon reception of the estimation error or theestimated value of the received signal which is computed by thetransmission channel estimating means and the output of the phaserotating means.
 4. A receiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phaserotating means compensates for the phase of the received digital signalby offsetting the phase variation amount against the received digitalsignal upon reception of the phase variation amount.
 5. A receiver for adigital communication system for transmitting and receiving a digitalsignal between sending and receiving stations, comprising:a storingmeans for storing a reference signal; a complex correlation means forperforming complex correlation of the received digital signal againstthe reference signal upon reception of the received digital signal andthe reference signal; a transmission channel estimating means forestimating a transmission channel between the sending and receivingstations upon reception of the received digital signal and the referencesignal; a phase synchronizing means for estimating the phase of thereceived digital signal and obtaining a phase variation amount uponreception of the received digital signal and the result of estimationwhich is output from the transmission channel estimating means; a phaserotating means for compensating for the phase of the received digitalsignal upon reception of the phase variation amount; and a carriergenerating means for generating a carrier upon reception of the outputof the phase synchronizing means; wherein the phase synchronizing meansand the phase rotating means form a first loop while the phasesynchronizing means and the carrier generating means form a second loop,thereby compensating for the phase of the received digital signal, andwherein the first loop compensates for the phase of the received digitalsignal with regard to every one symbol of the received digital signaland wherein the second loop compensates for the phase of the receiveddigital signal with regard to every one frame of the received digitalsignal.
 6. A receiver as claimed in claim 5, wherein the transmissionchannel estimating means estimates the impulse response of thetransmission channel using an adaptive algorithm upon reception of thereference signal and the output of the phase rotating means.
 7. Areceiver claimed in claim 5, wherein the phase synchronizing meansestimates the phase of the received digital signal while estimating aconstant component of the phase variation of the received digital signalupon reception of the estimation error or the estimated value of thereceived signal which is computed by the transmission channel estimatingmeans and the output of the phase rotating means.
 8. A receiver asclaimed in claim 5, wherein the phase rotating means compensates for thephase of the received digital signal by offsetting the phase variationamount against the received digital signal upon reception of the phasevariation amount.